Analysis of economic growth in the US 1815-1860 - 1428 Words

The period between the American Revolution and the Civil War had great significance for the United States economy. Although initially the economy seemed unstable at first, after the second war that America fought with England, the economy began to show considerable growth thereafter. This can be seen as the result of the cotton trade in the South and the eventual industrialisation of America, especially in the Northeast and later the West. From the invention of cotton gins to the adaptation of railways one can see how the United States used their opportunities and resources to their full advantage, transforming their economy to be able to compete among the worlds leading economical countries. The year 1793 was a doubly significant one†¦show more content†¦Britain therefore determined American industry at this point due to its need of cotton and It was the behaviour of prices that decided the way southern development was to take place. Due to this, the economy of America at this period of time was centred around cotton and as Clement Eaton stated, After the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, the tempo of life in the South quickened. The industry was able to achieve large profits through the use of slaves-the cheapest labour of all-and eventually Three-fourths of the worlds supply of cotton came from the southern states. Although the South produced the huge amounts of cotton needed, and exported it as a primary product to the rest of the world, it did not lead the way in industrialisation-this was dominated by the Northeast. What America lacked was manufacturing efficiency and as the Historian J.G.Rayback explains the war made Americans profoundly aware of other areas besides their own; in the post-Revolutionary period they made a vigorous effort to increase their knowledge of the entire nation and to take advantage of its limitless opportunities. It was from this that the merchant-capitalist arose becoming the significant figure behind the American factory system, wanting to promote economic growth for his ownShow MoreRelatedInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INSTITUTIONS AS THE FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF LONG-RUN GROWTH Daron Acemoglu Simon Johnson James Robinson Working Paper 10481 http://www.nber.org/papers/w10481 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2004 Prepared for the Handbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. TheRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesGerman: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3] in which character change is extremely important.[4][5] Contents [hide] 1 Origin 2 Plot outline 3 Examples 3.1 Precursors 3.2 17th century 3.3 18th century 3.4 19th century 3.5 20thRead MoreMGT1FOM Key Management Theorists26579 Words   |  107 Pages Contents Babbage, Charles (1792–1871) 2 Barnard, Chester Irving (1886–1961) 4 Fayol, Jules Henri (1841–1925) 9 Follett, Mary Parker (1868–1933) 18 Lewin, Kurt T. (1890–1947) 24 Mayo, George Elton (1880–1949) 25 McCallum, Daniel Craig (1815–1878) 29 Poor, Henry Varnum (1812–1905) 29 Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1856–1915) 31 Weber, Max (1864–1920) 36 1 Babbage, Charles (1792–1871) (pp.66-69) To call Charles Babbage an irascible genius is to pay him the greatest compliment, forRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageswhich was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined

Technology Can Not Replace A Poor Teaching - 974 Words

There are now hundreds, if not thousands of different technological tools, software and educational web resources that can be used by a teacher to increase interaction among learners within the classroom (Shelly, Gunter, Gunter, 2012). Teachers in advantaged areas are better equipped to create differentiation success through digital technologies and provide the much needed support for students who suffer from attention deficits, hearing and visual impairments. Access to digital apps and online databases can encourage students to dig deeper through inquiry and investigation and support extended learning especially for gifted students (Woolfolk Margetts, 2013), but also allow students to move through the information at their own pace (Shelly, Gunter, Gunter, 2012). Even teachers who are able to incorporate gaming into the classroom support and develop visual skills of their students and can create digitally pedagogically valuable lesson through alternative methods, making learnin g more meaningful and fun for students (Woolfolk Margetts, 2013). But while â€Å"technology can amplify great teaching, great technology cannot replace a poor teaching† (OECD, 2015, p. 4) with stronger effects on education being seen when computers were used to supplement traditional teaching, by using it for extended study and practice time, allowing students to take control and work at their own pace, and supporting collaborative learning. Teachers who are able to successively implementShow MoreRelatedTechnology vs Mankind865 Words   |  4 PagesThe computer and internet,while being useful,can never replace the classroom and the teacher. Discuss. Yes. I would agree with that view. While the computer and internet provide a wealth of information and a source of entertainment,it is not the ideal environment for teaching and learning. The computer and the internet are like our textbooks and encylopedias. However,all-encompassing they are,they are still not replacements for the classroom and the teacher. One doesn t gain all the knowledgeRead MoreThe World Of The Knowledge Society924 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge economy primarily serves the private good. The knowledge society also incorporates the public good our school has to formulate young people for both of them. Schools today serve and shape the world in which there can be the great economic chance and improvement if people can learn to work more compliantly, invest in their future financial security, reskill or relocate themselves as the economy shifts around them, and value working innovatively and collaboratively. The world that schools serveRead MoreThe United States Of America938 Words   |  4 Pagestime now. In the last century, technology all around the world has undergone dramatic changes, whether it is in communication, transportation, medicine, you name it. It is these implicit factors that help the unearthly, blind, American carry out its legacy in the sofa. Up until recently, technology was always seen as genuine, efficient inventions developed to promote the welfare of society. However, the same way technology can be a driving force to solve problems, it can be retardant. Now-a-days AmericansRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagespreparation sometimes generated high test scores but it had nothing to do with education. According to The Death and Life Of The Great American School System, the author Diane Ravitch states, â€Å"test should not follow the curriculum. They should not replace it or precede it. Students need a coherent foundation of knowledge and skills that grows stronger each year†¦ a well educated person in the twenty- first century should have the opportunity to engage in creative and imaginative activities, not justRead MoreApplied Behavior Analysis : The Challenges Of Intellectional Education868 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom several other studies involving students with various disabilities such as learning disabled (LD). According to Zein et al, previous studies have focused on the â€Å"†¦puzzling combination of average to above average word reading skills yet markedly poor reading comprehension among students with ASD;† the unique challenge of this combination is caused by struggles to summarizing major plot events and identify or understand the perspective of characters (2015 p. 196). Furthermore, students with ASDRead MoreIs The Naplan A Psychological Test? Why Or Why Not?1701 Words   |  7 Pagesan annual assessment for students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9 which utilises psychological principles is becoming more commonplace. Unlike psychological tests however, results can be boosted by a focus on â₠¬Ëœteaching to the test’ through refined curriculum and practice on previous years questions making it more indicative of teaching methods than students individual level of understanding (Carmichael, MacDonald, McFarland-Piazza, 2014). Likewise despite the establishment of uniformed administration, scoringRead MoreA Brief Note On Inequality And Technology On Today s World1281 Words   |  6 PagesHolden August 5, 2014 English 955 Tony Asay Inequality and Technology Technology in today’s world is one of the leading causes of inequality. Because of it’s major increase, availability and usefulness, it has cut the amount of jobs and opportunities for income. It is now getting in the way of a good education and taking away from personal interaction and education that can only be learned well on a one on one basis. Although technology has come a long way and it has improved large amounts of howRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1584 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering Explain how this technology works. Genetic engineering otherwise called genetic modification and can basically be described as the ‘direct manipulation of an organism’s genome’ which is the complete set of genetic material of an animal, plant or other living thing. This direct manipulation works by using modern DNA technology. This ‘involves the introduction of foreign DNA also known as synthetic genes into the organism of interest’ or curiousity. Genetic engineering does notRead MoreHow Does Internet Affects Student Study Habits738 Words   |  3 PagesThey make the life of people especially students easier and more productive. Most schools of today have online subjects and an online course which is a good example that it is really indeed affects the study habits of a student. For students they can keep track of the newest trends that is the so called IN for the week or for the month or even what is the tending topic of the day. Aside from using the Internet for educational purposes it may also serve as a stress reliever (somehow) because signingRead MoreThe Use Of Online Discussion Boards ( Odbs )1682 Words   |  7 Pagesboards (ODBs) in undergraduate and graduate curriculum has increased as technology permeates daily life. Learning material is no longer being transmitted solely via the traditional lecture format (Billings and Halstead, 2012). The widespread development of technology, especially in the areas of high-spee d internet, social media, and communication, allows educators from many disciplines to implement new and innovative teaching strategies to promote student learning and involvement. One such strategy

The Incorporation of the Word Cool in the English Language

Cool The word cool is very relaxed, never goes out of style, and people will never laugh at someone for using it. Getting at the nature of cool is further complicated by the fact that it has become fashionable in recent years to boast about not being cool. Perhaps the word is being pushed into its next stage of evolution by the freaks and the nerds whose childhood unpopularity is a badge of honor and whose brave new world of geekery is vindication. Coolness is an admired aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance, and style that is influenced by and a product of the Zeitgeist. Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning. The word cool was initially slipped into the english language from its cognates in Dutch and German. It initially was col—which might have been used as far back as the ninth century when somebody deciphered the verse of the Roman logician Boethius from Latin into Englishâ €”and, for quite a while, could not exactly evaluate how it needed to be spelled. The spelling was toyed with coul, played with coole, and even experienced a koole stage, but R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company evaluated how to brand menthol smoke with complexity. It at long last settled on cool, at the same time clutching its feeling of climatic moderation (Vuolo par.2). There is no single idea of cool. One of the crucial aspects of cool is its impermanence. What is viewed as cool changes over time andShow MoreRelatedEssay about English: The Most Important Language of Today885 Words   |  4 Pages Presently, English is the most wide spread language in terms of the number of countries that speak the language as a mother tongue or foreign language. Regardless of languages such as Mandarin, Arabic and Spanish having a great number of speakers, English dominates as a foreign language for many. A Newsweek Magazine article, written by John McWhorter, ranks English as the world’s international language today and states it is likely to remain this way in the future (McWhorter). Writer Dorie ClarkRead MoreCell Phones in the Classroom: Keep Them Banned, or Incorporate Them?1413 Words   |  6 Pagesother. Cell phone sales have sky rocketed at an alarming rate, and many of the consumers are under the age of 18, meaning they are still in elementary and high school. Society has influenced students to feel that they need to own a cell phone to be â€Å"cool†, thus making the issue of cell phones in the classroom society context vs. students (area 13). Cell phones have no w begun to be a large distraction in the classroom, and are the newest item that many schools have had to implement a policy for; manyRead MoreIntegration Of Creative Movement And Dance Into The General Education Classroom4523 Words   |  19 Pagesfiguring out how to teach nebulous concepts like placement of punctuation or space exploration. In South Carolina, state standards require that Kindergarten teachers explore and have a basic understanding of 3-dimensional (3-D) shapes using the language as follows: K.G.2 Identify and describe a given shape and shapes of objects in everyday situations to include two-dimensional shapes (i.e., triangle, square, rectangle, hexagon, and circle) and three-dimensional shapes (i.e., cone, cube, cylinderRead MoreIntroduction . Dance And Creative Movement In The Classroom4608 Words   |  19 Pagesfiguring out how to teach nebulous concepts like the placement of punctuation or space exploration. In South Carolina, state standards require that Kindergarten teachers explore and have a basic understanding of 3-dimensional (3-D) shapes using the language as follows: K.G.2 Identify and describe a given shape and shapes of objects in everyday situations to include two-dimensional shapes (i.e., triangle, square, rectangle, hexagon, and circle) and three-dimensional shapes (i.e., cone, cube, cylinderRead MoreQuality Control Tests on Soaps4296 Words   |  18 Pagesshelled and winnowed, usually by hand, pounded for a few days. The kernels are dried further to reduce moisture content and then boiled in water for several hours. The Shea Butter then begins to rise to the surface. This is then scooped and left to cool and set.(see flow chart Sorting of the Nuts Cracking and Roasting (Reducing the Use of Wood for Heating during the Production of Shea) Grinding Kneading and Clarification Filtering and Stirring Packaging and Labeling Modern Process: The introductionRead MoreEssay on Sexuality/Textuality in Tristram Shandy8792 Words   |  36 PagesRice University Sexuality/Textuality in Tristram Shandy Author(s): Dennis W. Allen Reviewed work(s): Source: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 25, No. 3, Restoration and Eighteenth Century (Summer, 1985), pp. 651-670 Published by: Rice University Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/450501 . Accessed: 16/12/2012 06:30 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreDoing Business in Curacao Essay14368 Words   |  58 Pages................................................................... 3 UTILITY RATES ............................................................................................................................................. 5 PROCEDURES FOR INCORPORATION .......................................................................................................... 10 TAXATION OF COMPANIES ...............................................................................................................Read MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pagesads not by this site [pic] [pic] ENGL 103A: American Literature 1789-1900 (Archived) Dept of English, UC Santa Barbara (Summer 2011) †¢ ABOUT †¢ ASSIGNMENTS †¢ SYLLABUS †¢ DISCUSSION †¢ CLOSE READINGS CLOSE READINGS Post your close reading posts here. Share this: †¢ Twitter †¢ Facebook †¢ Like this: Like Loading... [pic] 26 Comments on â€Å"CLOSE READINGS† 1. [pic]John Cooper says: July 13, 2011 at 3:36 pm Emily Dickenson’s poem â€Å"BecauseRead MoreAn Article On Earth Essay10094 Words   |  41 Pagesenergy to be harvested directly by life forms; the resultant molecular oxygen (O2) accumulated in the atmosphere and due to interaction with high energy solar radiation, formed a layer of protective ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere.[65] The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes.[66] True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultravioletRead MoreComplete Guide to Ethics Management: an Ethics Toolkit for Managers10784 Words   |  44 Pagesliterature is much more limited on ethics programs. Wong and Beckman (Journal of Business Ethics, V11, pp. 173-178) note that researchers are claiming that current literature is filled with strong arguments for more ethical corporate leadership and incorporation of ethics in bu siness curriculum, but what is conspicuously missing is the how to in actually putting ethical goals and theories into practical action. Myths Abound About Business Ethics, e.g., Ethics is Simply to Do Whats Right Lack of

The 19th Century The Nineteenth Century - 1333 Words

The 19th Century Political The youth of today can hardly compare to those of 200 years ago. As a matter of fact, under Common Law, a person between the ages of eight and fourteen could have been considered an adult (Blackstone, W., 1760). At the turn of the century the Revolutionary War occurred barely twenty years earlier and was actually still going on in places like Louisiana. Youth of that day had probably taken part in the war in one form or another which caused them to mature at a faster rate. This, coupled with an agrarian society and different social norms, had children as young as fifteen married and having children of their own (Hacker D. J., 2003). The age distinction we place on juveniles today would not have been applied at†¦show more content†¦As industry increased in the growing urban centers there was a need for cheap labor, and since federal child labor laws were not implemented until 1916, orphanages became a primary source of forced labor (Clark-Bennett, R., et al. 2004). These chi ld work centers did not treat the children as employees but rather paid the orphanage owners similar to the Convict Lease programs of the post Civil War South. Lack of adult supervision and freedom to move about these new industrial hubs lead to increased juvenile delinquency as we know it today. After all, what repercussions were there to deter delinquency, the children were already in a reformatory. The 20th Century Political As America fell into the Great Depression in 1929, President Roosevelt placed political emphasis on employing adults. This returned children, 18-20 percent who were used to working, back to being the idle poor (Yellowitz, I., 2017). This, coupled with the lack of state enforcement of mandatory school attendance, exacerbated the juvenile delinquency rate and increased the number of juvenile offenders (Thompson Reuters, 2017). The concept of the judicial system acting as â€Å"parens patriate†, literally translated â€Å"Parent of the Country†, when dealing with juvenile offenders, gained momentum in the early 20th century (TLS, 2015). Unfortunately, it wasn’t until later in the century that the term Juvenile was broadly defined asShow MoreRelatedMinstrel Shows and Theater856 Words   |  3 PagesThe 19th century was a time period full of disagreements and wishful thinking. During this time, African Americans were trying to become free from slavery. This led to a Civil War. The 1800’s were a hard time for African Americans, after the Civil War many expressed their thoughts and feelings through plays like Minstrel Shows and other forms of theatre. During this time period, America was in the middle of its Industrial Revolution. It was the beginning of the growth of the infrastructure forRead More19th Century Industrialization Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pages19th Century Industrialization Nineteenth Century Industrialization During the second half of the nineteenth century, the United States experienced an urban revolution unparalleled in world history up to that point in time. As factories, mines, and mills sprouted out across the map, cities grew up around them. The late nineteenth century, declared an economist in 1889, was not only the age of cities, but the age of great cities. Between 1860 and 1910, the urban population grew from 6 millionRead MoreKingdom of Matthias: Women in the 19th Century1250 Words   |  5 PagesIn the nineteenth century, the legal rights of women and men were highly affected by gender and race, both positively and negatively. In the book, â€Å"Kingdom of Matthias,† by Paul Johnson and Simon Wilentz, they describe the life of two females, Isabella Van Wagenen and Isabella Matthews Laisdell which whom were affected by slavery and high influences of higher power from men. In the nineteenth century it was believed that males were to support the family by working and ea rning a wage as a husbandRead MoreThe Romantic Period Stressed Instincts, Affection, and Love1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romantic period or Romanticism was a literary movement that had sprung in England in late 18th century. The rise of the movement was precipitated by the issuing of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge .The movement came to cope up with the general tenors of the Industrial and Enlightenment age .It stressed on things like instincts, affection , love,the heart over the head .It came also to celebrate such things as mysticism and the natural world.Romanticism alsoRead MoreUrban Underworld823 Words   |  4 PagesThe Urban Underworld in Late Nineteenth-Century New York: The Autobiography of George Appo In Timothy J. Gilfoyle’s book, The Urban Underworld in Late Nineteenth-Century New York: The Autobiography of George Appo, we learn that life was hard being a 19th century immigrant and choosing a life of crime was sometimes, but not always, the easy way out although it came with many consequences. George Appo was one who chose the life of crime. Prison was a common place for the pick pocketerRead MoreHave You Ever Admired A Sculpture? Did You Wonder Why It1041 Words   |  5 Pages Sculpture is one of the most oldest art forms dating back over 35,000 years ago. There are many methods, tools, and products used to make sculptures. The eighteenth and nineteenth century was a time for many conflicts about sculpting and different forms of sculpting were created. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, sculptures were getting new styles added to them. Some of these styles were added in different periods including the Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism periods. NeoclassicismRead MoreLiterature for Children in the 19th Century909 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 19th century Since the view of childhood changes in the nineteenth century, the potential of children’s literature becomes evident. With the reference to the sources of children’s literature, they can be traced back to alterations in translation and in the literature for adults, where a child or childhood are essential concepts; moreover folk literature is concerned to be a wide source for this literary genre. According to Peter Hunt Children before the seventeenth century sharedRead MoreLiterature for Children in the 19th Century897 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature for children in the 19th century Since the view of childhood changes in the nineteenth century, the potential of children’s literature becomes evident. With the reference to the sources of children’s literature, they can be traced back to alterations in translation and in the literature for adults, where a child or childhood are essential concepts; moreover folk literature is concerned to be a wide source for this literary genre. According to Peter Hunt Children beforeRead MoreThe Representation of Family in Nineteenth Century English Art1338 Words   |  6 PagesFamily in Nineteenth Century English Art 19th century art gives us a great insight into Victorian society and culture, its hopes, fears, likes, dislikes, its ambitions and failures and its preconceptions and contradictions (The Victorian Web, 2003) . Each picture tells a story and provides us with a great record of Victorian culture and the thoughts and pre-occupations of people throughout the 19th century. The home and the family became the centre of 19th century lifeRead MoreRelationships And Culture Of Early 19th Century America And Their Ramifications1526 Words   |  7 PagesLong Essay: Relationships of Vulnerable Groups to the Identity and Culture of Early 19th-Century America and their Ramifications Back in the early 1800s, the United States of America had been a country associated with the promise of liberty, autonomy from tyrannical rule, and the unalienable rights specified in the formative Declaration of Independence - life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. As a consequence of the formation of the country and its promises, several diverse groups had flocked

Puerto Ricans as a Subordinate Group in America Free Essays

We were walking to church when mamà ¡ told us to pray for a man named Harry Truman, el presidente de los Estados Unidos.   â€Å"He is going to let us finally become our own country,† mamà ¡ explained.   I had heard those stories before. We will write a custom essay sample on Puerto Ricans as a Subordinate Group in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Abuela liked to tell stories about how Puerto Rico had never been free.   She said that first Christopher Columbus had come to the island and he had helped Spain to conquer los Tainos.   Abuela always spoke about the great injustices Columbus and Spain had done to los Tainos; she said her mother was a direct descendent of those early Puerto Ricans, which made us part native Taino. Mamà ¡ hated those stories.   Her parents had come to Puerto Rico from Spain; Puerto Rico was her home and she was always upset by the idea that her earliest ancestors might have enslaved my father’s ancestors.   She said to let the past stay in the past. At church, I prayed for Mr. Truman because my mother said to.   I prayed for him because he was going to make up for all the mistakes the Spanish had done to the country all those years ago.   He was going to make us free again.   Mamà ¡ said that Mr. Truman was como un savior. We read newspaper articles about the drafting of the new constitution.   We were our own country, but we were not.   We were part of the United States, while still being Puerto Rico.   We were protected, even while we were independent.   Walking down the street, I could hear people talking about what â€Å"commonwealth status† could mean for Puerto Rico’s future.   Some were against it, others thought it was the best way.   But the constitution did not solve everything; stores closed down, houses became decrepit, Papà ¡ lost his job. Three years after the Puerto Rican constitution was signed, Papà ¡ said we were going to move to America.   He had cousins who had gone and had found jobs immediately.   He said that more and more people were leaving Puerto Rico for places like New York City.   I had seen a picture of New York City once.   It was called the â€Å"Big Apple.†Ã‚   I had never seen buildings so tall; I had always thought that the people who could call New York City were the luckiest people in the world.   And soon, I would be one of them. We left in the middle of the night.   The ride was not long and I looked out the airplane window, watching the night sky.   We landed in an airport outside of New York and took a taxi in.   We drove across a large bridge; I could barely see the water.   It looked like another sky with all the buildings and lights reflected in it.   And then, we were inside the city.   There were people walking around.   I heard people talking to Spanish.   There were stores with familiar names and foods advertised in the windows. It was almost as though we had never left home. I couldn’t sleep that night; I was kept awake by the sound of taxis and car horns and people shouting from one building to the next.   Mamà ¡ tried to sing lullabies to me, the same songs she used to coo when I was a small child, but now, the songs did not induce sleep but kept my eyes more alert.   I thought of home.   I thought of palm trees.   I thought of the ocean.   I was afraid I would never see Puerto Rico again. But Puerto Rico came to me. More cousins and aunts and uncles and friends left the island for America.   They did not only come to New York.   They went to places like Texas, California, New Mexico, and Florida.   My best friend, Juana, went to Texas on vacation.   She sent me a postcard of a man riding a bull.   â€Å"He spoke Spanish to me,† she wrote. After my Tà ­a Felicia moved to Florida, she invited us to visit.   I could see the oceans.   I could see palm trees.   It was warm.   It was Puerto Rico in America.   Felicia made tostones y arroz y pollo asado.   I could have stayed in Florida forever but after two weeks, I was beginning to miss New York.   I had grown used to the traffic.   I was comfortable in Florida, listening to almost everyone speak Spanish and being able to understand them, but I couldn’t help but want to be back in the city, where I could walk from my neighborhood to Little Italy to China Town and eat something from every part of the world. Years later, I left New York for New Jersey to go to college.   I had children.   My husband was a Cuban man; his family had moved to Puerto Rico shortly after his birth.   We had Cuban and Puerto Rican flags hanging on the outside of our house.   When the very first Puerto Rican Day parade was announced, my husband took the Puerto Rican flag down from the front of the house and handed it to me.   We left early in the morning, with our children.   Flags were for sale at the many vendors lined along the street; food was also being sold, and little pieces of jewelry with the Puerto Rican flags on them. â€Å"Boricua,† the crowd shouted together.   I did not shout with them at first.   My children stood on their toes to look over the shoulders of the people standing in front of them.   They shouted with the crowd.   My husband reached out and held my hand.   I looked up and down the street, shocked by the thousands of Puerto Ricans gathered together.   Spanish was mixed with English; people danced together, music was being played from loudspeaker.   I felt at home. I leaned against my husband; together we screamed with the crowd, â€Å"Boricua!† References U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder.   (2004, April).   â€Å"Percent of People 5 Years and Over Who Speak Spanish at Home: 2005†.   Retrieved April 20, 2007 from   Ã‚  factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder.   (2004, April).   â€Å"Map of Spanish Speakers in the United States†.   Retrieved April 20, 2007 from factfinder.census.gov. CIA World Factbook.   â€Å"Puerto Rico.†   Retrieved April 20, 2007 from www.cia.gov.    How to cite Puerto Ricans as a Subordinate Group in America, Essay examples

Destructive Innovation for Kodak Company - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theDestructive Innovation for Kodak Company. Answer: Business practices are faced by great competitions each day. The big firms try so hard to maintain their positions while the lower performing or the emerging companies tries to rise up and beat the already existing ones. However, this comes after considering some factors and keeping all things to place for the company to run as expected. Innovation is one of the greatest factor that makes big firms to be overtaken in the market by small firms. When these technologies cause the big firms to fail, or maybe, overtaken by the others, they result to what is referred to as the innovators dilemma. The inventor in the falling company is placed in a situation of dilemma. The innovator must choose between improving from the current situation both in technology and in product services or else, the company or the firm gets to the risk of going extinct (Christensen, Raynor and McDonald, 2015, p.44). The Kodak company can be a very good example to illustrate Innovators Dilemma. It had for many years been on the top in photography. It had approximately 90% share in photography industry the tragedy that was as a result of technology shift. When photography shifted from being based on Chemistry to being based on bits, the company collapsed until now where it has become bankrupt. The company failure to advance and research on how it would satisfy its customers through gradual technological innovation brought about innovators dilemma to Kodak companies. The small firms overtook Kodak until it had to start disposing its assets for upkeep. Big companies fail, in fact, they have failed. Kodak company is a good example. According to Christensen, successful companies which have been standing for many years may be doing its things so perfectly, in fact, he says right, but at the long run, the company ends up losing to upcoming competitors. Innovators dilemma can efficiently explain these phenomena. One point to consider is that, big firms and companies would not innovate easier with the disruptive technologies than small and upcoming organizations for the reason that the small firms and organizations are not dependent on their old fashioned organizational norms and values. There is a notion that big companies are fond to maintaining their customers and always struggle to make them happy. Disruptive technology always needs a new market. New markets which are better in adjustments to this innovation have a principle derived from this theory that Old customers are less relevant than the new customers in the new market. The reason behind this is that, the preservative customers will always demand the product that was in the market since they knew it. They will hardly go for a new one. According to Christensen, the progress in the market is very separate from the progress in technology. The customers of many products in the market are not aware of what exactly they need. In contrast, they take what others praise and what they had in the past. The big firms are mostly keen on such customers and therefore, they end up losing the tact from the market competition. The situation created in this sense is the innovation dilemma. The big companies, organizations and firms are in most cases unable to cope with this situation as in small firms. On the above innovators dilemma base, the big firms can be concluded to stumble for ignoring the trends of the time, making wrong decisions, for instance in innovations and technology and finally poor planning and bureaucracy in the management. Slow picking poor technologies are ignored by the top management and ends up losing everything when the market changes. The managers of Kodak firm failed to see and evaluate the disruptive innovation. They did not see it as a threat, after all, they were the best, manning about 90% in their product market. During this time, Kodak experienced an abrupt fail from the best of its time to a state to auctioning its products. It has been noticed that when its profits margins were seemed to be on top, an executive was bragging over the achievement. However, it was not a bad thing, but, there is an element of satisfaction and a sense of security over maintaining the same business margin and the trade name. This is one of the reason as to why the Kodak Company crushed. It means that, because of only relying on the innovation technology they had at first, the change shook all their firms. When a big company has achieved this much, there is little for the top management to work on. They relax on their previous achievement and forget to follow the very small firms behind them. This is what Kodak management did. B eing dump to these innovations failed the Kodak company. Another thing is that, disruptive innovation needs patience and investments. Incorporating a new technology in a big firm seems to sterilize development as a new technology would always be poor in performance where there is none else for comparison. However, this do not help the company to adjust to the risks and uncertainties that may come as a result of disruptive innovation. This is where the Kodak company failed. Negligence to chance was also a factor that contributed to the failure of Kodak. In the year 1995, Kodak engineer had developed a digital camera but the management paused the idea of implementing its services in digital film making. The company came to regret up to the year 21st century where digital photography had subdued the whole population. Other companies like the apple company which had brought about phones which had digital cameras had become the prestige for many people in America and outside continents. This can be attributed to the ignorance or negligence of the management to appreciate digital technology when it was very important. According to the principles of Innovators Dilemma, the technology can change because new innovations are made each day, but, to avoid the innovation dilemma, the value of the companys offers and product should not change. For Kodak, they changed (King and Baatartogtokh, 2015, p.77). The results were worse and embarrassing. Nokia company is one of the companies that are likely to fall in the next ten years if it doesnt change its way of doing things. Nokia company had been doing good in mobile phones manufacturing and sales. People in many countries liked the phones for their performance and durability. Very good and hard cover that protected the phone from damage. However, the company has started performing poorly for the last five years. It has faced a lot of competition from companies like Samsung which is the top most company in electronic mobile phones and Apple company. The problem rose from the company management whereby it experienced innovators dilemma in its products and services. The transition of technology, where companies introduced smart touch screen on phones in place of hardware keyboard left the Nokia phones backward in innovation. The company management seems to be reluctant on this aspect. It has settled for less and then endangering the lives The company is seen to lose its market power every time. The company has done another mistake that consumers criticize each day. Nokia smart phones are not like the other smart phones. They do not share some applications with other phones as it is in the case of other phones like Samsung, HTC and also RIM. Therefore, customers whose friends have different phones from Nokia cannot share applications. Another thing is that, Nokia phones use windows while many other smart phones use android. The company has been left too independent and unique, though not bad, the features in window Nokia phones are not in accordance to the price. An android Samsung phone will always be slightly lower in price than a Nokia phone with the same features but with a higher price. According to the theory of disruptive technology, the customers do not know exactly what they require but they are moved by the product they meet in the market (Gray and Vander Wal, 2014, p.104). Therefore, Nokia Corporation company should act towards this problem and have it glory back. The compatibility of its products, especially smart phones, the price and marketing policies of its smart phones should be revised and amended by the involved department for its future. For now, its graph is going down at a very sharp rate, of which it is very dangerous. References Christensen, C.M., Raynor, M.E. and McDonald, R., 2015. Disruptive innovation. Harvard Business Review, 93(12), pp.44-53. Gray, D. and Vander Wal, T., 2014. The connected company. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". King, A.A. and Baatartogtokh, B., 2015. How useful is the theory of disruptive innovation?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 57(1), p.77.

Positive Accounting Theory Methods of the Hypothesis

Question: Discuss about the Positive Accounting Theoryfor Methods of the Hypothesis. Answer: Introduction The emergence and use of positive accounting research are highly debated and this is one of the major why this article is evaluated. The main aim of the paper is to shed light on the traits of human that is concerned with the usage of statistical and methods of the hypothesis (Dunmore, 2009). The theory of knowledge in regard to the application is highlighted and the pitfalls of the system of statistics such as development of models on a casual basis, improper reproduction to instil confidence in the findings because of low level of interest in the numerical parameters, etc (Fogarty Markarian, 2007). The main goal of the paper is to stress on the points that leads to deficiencies and they to vouch for alternative methods or enhancements that will lead to a strong positive accounting research. Summary of the Article The initiation of the paper begins with the evaluation of human being. The different shades of a human being in the different scenario are observed. Further, various other concepts are even discussed that plays a leading role in influencing the reason making capacity. It is seen that the acts, as well as practices are guided by a variety of factors. Hence, from the article, it is seen that the behavior of a human being is different in two different situations. This is the major point of research in positive accounting. It is correctly remarked that a man is guided by a rational point of view and the response of a person depends on according to the different scenario. Such behavior can be witnessed in more than 70% of the case. It is a well-known fact that accounting, as well as operations are tending to be technical in the scenario and hence, there is a sharp fall in the interaction of human beings. Moreover, with the due passage of time, everything is controlled with the help of system. Therefore, the dependency is more on the system and it has become really difficult to ascertain the rational objective of the human. Human behavior is guided by various aspects and hence difficult to adjudge. The assumption that has been taken into consideration debars the positive accounting research to make a strong contribution to the society. The results, as well as expectations, are important. The paper strives to enhance the effectiveness of the research by looking into the operation of the positive research and then providing some suggestions. Various examples have been posted by selecting research models. The statistical, as well as hypothesis tool, are needed to evaluate various situations and the manner in which the auditor reacts which is linked to the assumption of rationality (Francis, 2006). The end result of the hypothesis is in tune with the samples that are selected however, and hence the objective fails to be achieved. From the article, it comes to the forefront that the relationship cannot be ascertained with the help of two variables and requires more. The major requirement will be to evaluate the theories that compete with each other instead assessing a theory for the hypothesis. It is important to assess different theories as it becomes vital in ascertaining the status and shed light on the current pract ice. The paper aims to strive for an enhanced model that is serious in nature and specified on a higher level. Further, the methods need to be strong so that testing can be rigorous in nature. Moreover, testing should be free from any error and this can be possible when model is strong. Links of reliable nature needs to be prepared with proxies that will lead to a projection of strong linear link and development of measurement ideas. This projects a clear fact that research paper not only stresses on the concept of hypothesis alone. Further, it will create a better scenario for parameters forecast. Hence, it is imperative that new concepts should be developed that will ensure a refined research activity (Hopwood, 2007). The research will lead to better result if an extensive replica that confirms the effectiveness of the measurement and leads to the probe of the research limitations. Research Question The assessment of positive accounting research is the research question and whether any ideas or opinions is present through which the accountants, as well as an auditor can act. However, it is subjected to immense critics (Frankel et. al, 2002). The testing of the hypothesis is done by taking samples of chargeable audit fees against the audit complexity and the firm size. It is a form of quantitative research and tests the manner in which the fees of the audit has been charged, the plans are presented and utilization of the techniques of regression that plays a major part in the case of the hypothesis (Ashton et. al, 2004). This model is present to trace the Type I error. It needs to be noted that the analysis of critical evaluation ensures that the hypothesis, as well as testing, cannot be completely accurate. The goal of the hypothesis is to state that the null hypothesis is not correct because the results are linked to the sample. Hence, it is a clear-cut notion that testing of h ypothesis provides a weak proof when it comes to the hypothesis of alternative nature. Thereby, the hypothesis value is of not a big concern when it comes to the positive accounting research. From the total grasp of the material and the research, it can be commented that the main stress of the paper is on the positive accounting research. Moreover, the literature review attempts to find that whether the research is designed in a manner that will attempt to attain the aims and goals. Further, the research depends on a number of factors and models. Theoretical Framework There are rules and regulations to be followed in the practice of accountancy and auditing. These set of rules are called accounting standards, taxation and statutory requirements and adherence to these is essential for compliance. These are mandatory to be practiced and are put in place to create a uniform framework of workings and no significant things are left out. In spite of such clearly laid down rules and methods, auditors deviate from the requirements and these are formed as a basis of study to understand the reasons for such differences (Ashton et. al, 2004). There are various factors determining these differences in expected action human factors which lends it the rationality and independence of thought of each acting person. Errors and biases creep in as the marks of independence create a pattern and work with prejudices, even if hidden. Such tendencies can alter the planned course of action (Antle et. al, 2006). Such behaviors are a course material worth for the basis of this paper. Such behavior and human tendencies can be studied and investigated to so as not to impact the framework. We work with a hypothesis and take a sample size with the assumption that it represents the population. For this approach to work successfully, all diverse kinds of possibilities have to be listed down and after taking one item as a sample from each kind, the misinterpretation of the results can be ruled out one by one. Thus, this will avoid checking each and every variety and will give an overall cross-check between the different kinds of scenarios. In short, the cross-checks will be easier and less cumbersome. However still, using one method does not guarantee a perfect result as each statistical method is laden with its own limitation and qualitative testing is usually not carried out. Also, a hypothesis will consider usually one condition whereas an audit will have more than variables to be tested. An audit looks simple but consists of many variables that play an important role (Dunmore, 2009). Hence, occur a point of an issue because hypothesis considers only a single variable. Therefore, the research gets distorted. Significance and Limitations of the Article The article has opened up the topics of discussion pertaining to the felt and experienced loopholes in the system at present. The current system, though not effective has invited further discussion and moved further discussion in this direction (Dunmore, 2009). Such research is a necessity to pave the way for further improvements in the system. As the research was done by (Humphrey, 2008), the results shows that human behavior is usually rational and tries to maximize the benefits of a situation. The scientific mind come through with the actions of humans being rational laced with rationality and scientific judgment before a significant decision. As with everything, this paper has its limitations. Firstly, the paper has mostly focused on the critical part of the thesis and would do better to provide more suggestions along with examples to give more credibility to the research. The article innocently takes the existing theories to be true and applies these theories though in reality these theories have evolved over a period of time and have not been tested since then. Such advancements are a proof that development has been happening in this field. Moreover, advancement is the need of the hour because if the limitations need to be removed it can be done so by enhancing the level of research and study (Lapsley, 2012). Different statistics measures will present different results and accounting being subjects with a number of variables and limitations, the measurement errors should be kept in mind. Picking up a good representation of samples is important as it should present a wholesome picture as much as possible of the entire population. Still, judging an entire population from a sample presents its own limitations and the pitfalls should be taken cognizance of before analyzing the results (Carol et. al, 2016). This is one of the major pitfalls that need to be considered because sample might not reveal the true nature of the populations and the information. Conclusion We have understood from this study that the pace of current accounting research is not enough and has not yet been achieving the aim of conducting it. A more robust and systematic method with methodical approach needs to be undertaken. Vulnerable models and analytical modeling is the way forward with more stringent testing and re-testing that can achieve by replication and can provide various positive results for accounting research. The limitations and constraints of this field can be utilized for the benefit of the field and the opportunities arising from the research can be used for creating a more robust and theoretically sound framework. Over a period of time, such new techniques increase the credibility and validity of the research to be able to adapt more freely to new situations. Thus this phenomenon of positive accounting research will have to keep moving forward. References Antle, R., Gordon, E., Narayanamoorthy, G., Zhou, L 2006, The joint de-termination of audit fees, non-audit fees, and abnormal accruals, Review of Quantitative Finance Accounting vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 235-266. Ashton, D., Dunmore, P., Tippett, M 2004, Double-entry bookkeeping and the distributional properties of a financial ratio, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 583-606. Carol, A.A, Brad, P, Prakash J. S, Jodi Y 2016, Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures), The British Accounting Review, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 283296 Dunmore, P.V 2009, Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand Fogarty, T. J Markarian, G 2007, An empirical assessment of the rise and fall of accounting as an academic discipline, Issues in Accounting Education vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 137- 161. Francis, J. R 2006, Are auditors compromised by audit services? Assessing the evidence, Contemporary Accounting Research vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 747- 760. Frankel, R. M., Johnson, M. F., Nelson, K. K 2002, The relation between auditors' fees for non audit services and earnings management, Accounting Review vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 71. Hill/Irwin, University Press. Hopwood, A.G 2007, Whither Accounting Research?, The Accounting Review, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 1365 1374 Lapsley, I. 2012, Commentary: Financial Accountability Management, Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 291-292.